Friday, May 15, 2009
CANDIDIASIS
CANDIDIASIS
Candidiasis is an acute or chronic,superficial or disseminated mycotic infection caused by the fungus candida albicans and occasionally by other species of candida.It commonly involves skin & the mucous membranes and sometimes the viscera.
FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO CANDIDIASIS
1) Local factors:
Tissue damage, moisture, warmth, maceration, Topical corticosteroids, prolonged catheterization, etc.
2) Physiological states:
Infancy, pregnancy, old age
3) Metabolic & endocrinal factors:
Iron deficiency, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Cushing’s syndrome
4) Immuno compromised status:
• Primary or secondary to malignancy, AIDS, prolonged administration of antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, oral contraceptive pills, cytotoxic drugs,etc
• Development of candidiasis in an HIV infected patient indicates deterioration of his immune status.
CLASSIFICATION OF CANDIDIASIS
Based on the anatomical site involved,candidiasis is classified into the following clinical syndromes:
CANDIDIASIS
MUCOSAL CUTANEOUS SYSTEMIC
Acute pseudomembranous Paronychia Gastrointestinal
Chronic hyperplastic Intertrigo Bronchopulmonary
Angular chelitis Diaper candidiasis Renal
Denture stomatitis Nodular Joints
Vaginitis & Balinitis Candidiasis Heart,Meningeal
CLINICAL SYNDROMES:
The clinical features of candidiasis vary depending upon whether the infection involves skin or mucous membrane. On keratinized surface of skin, the infection causes well marginated, erythematous, scaling pustules, whereas on the mucous membrane, the infection produces white, cheesy deposits surrounded by erythema.
Candidial Paronychia:
Candidial paronychia is a chronic inflammation of one or more nail folds.It is characterized by redness and swelling of the affected nail fold.The initial event is injury to the cuticle followed by detachment of the nail fold from the dorsal surface of the nail plate.This leads to the formation of pocket which then collects within it food debris etc. and facilitates growth of bacteria as well as fungi.The affected nail folds are sometimes painful and tender.Often,there is concomitant bacterial infection and beads of pus are exuded on pressing the affected nail fold. Subsequently, the nail becomes dystrophic, often ridged and develops green or brown colour.
This condition is usually found in housewives,washerwomen,people practicing manicure & pedicure,in those whose hands are constantly immersed in water for prolonged periods.
Nodular Candidiasis of Napkin Area:
This condition is a atypical reaction to the candida infection, manifesting as bluish-brown nodules or cutaneous horn like lesions.It involves the napkin area over the buttocks,genitalia,upper thighs and pubis.
Topical application of steroids is an important aetiological factor.
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis:
It is a distinct syndrome characterized by persistent,superficial candidial infection of the skin,nails and mucous membrane of the mouth and genitals, refractory to conventional topical therapy. It is not a single disease entity but is a manifestation of various underlying primary defects in cell mediated immune responses.
Systemic Candidiasis:
Under conditions leading to immunocompromisation, candida may cause systemic disease and involve the lungs,oesophagus,intestines or urinary tract. Candidemia may occur following prolonged use of indwelling catheters for intravenous infusions or in intravenous drug abusers,Rarely,hematogenous spread of candida may lead to meningitis, bone and joint lesions.
The underlying disease and iatrogenic factors predisposing to infection must always be sought and treated in all forms of systemic candidiasis.
Candidial Intertrigo:
Candidial intertrigo is characterized by erythema,moist exudation with an irregular ,fringed margin and subcorneal pustules in the affected area.Satellite pustules may develop and rupture leaving erosions and peeling skin.In case of interdigital space involvement,there is marked maceration.
It involves intertriginous areas of skin like interdigital spaces, genitocrural, perianal. Inframammary and axillary folds. It most commonly occurs in obese and diabetic individuals.
Candidial intertrigo should be differentiated from tinea,seborrhoeic dermatitis,bacterial intertrigo and flexural psoriasis.
Oral Thrush:
Oral thrush usually involves buccal mucosa,tongue,gums or palate and in severe cases in pharynx too pseudomembrane is formed by fungal mycelia,desquamated epithelial cells,fibrin,leucocytes and food debris attaching to inflamed epithelium.It is loosely attached to the inflamed mucosa and when removed,leaves behind erosions and bleeding.The lesions are often painful and interfere with eating.
The condition commonly occurs in premature babies,neonates and in old people with poor resistance. In neonates it can be acquired from the birthcanal of the mother.
Angular Cheilitis:(Perleche)
Basically,perleche is a form of intertrigo which may be caused by different factors, of which candida is the commonest.Riboflavin deficiency,presence of moisture due to persistent salivation or licking of the lips,depth of the fold and malocclusion of teeth are some other factors which predispose to infection.
Denture stomatitis:
This condition is characterized by bright red or dusky erythema of the affected mucous membrane, sharply defined at the margin of the denture.The epithelium is often shiny,atrophic,oedematous and eroded.
Balanoposthitis:
Candidial balanoposthitis involves skin of the glans penis and prepuce,causing inflammation of fissuring.In mild cases, tiny papules develop on the glans a few hours after sexual intercourse, grow into vesicles,pustules and rupture leaving a scaly edge. The patient complains of soreness and pain while passing urine.
The status where both sexual partners have symptomatic genital candidiasis is known as ‘Conjugal Candidiasis’.
In either of the above case,the sexual partner of the patient should be simultaneously treated , even if asymptomatic. In persistent or recurrent cases, the patient and sexual partner should be investigated for Diabetes mellitus.
Vulvovaginitis:
Candidial vulvovaginitis is characterized by beefy red erythema of the affected vulvar skin and vaginal mucosa accompanied by creamy white, thick curdy flecks of vaginal discharge. In some cases,it may extend to cause intertrigo of groins and natal cleft.In severe cases,subcorneal pustules may be seen peripherally.Patient usually complains of soreness,pruritus and dyspareunia.
It most often occurs in diabetics because of high concentration of sugar in urine, in women during pre-menstrual period, during pregnancy, in women taking oral contraceptive pills and in patients with AIDS.
It should be differentiated from Trichomonas infection,bacterial vulvovaginitis, physiological leucorrhoea during pregnancy and dermatoses affecting the vulva.
INVESTIGATIONS FOR CANDIDIASIS:
1) Direct examination under the microscope:
Lesions are scraped with blunt end of a scalpel and the material is mounted in 2-3 drops of 10% KOH solution.When viewed directly under a microscope, it reveals gram positive yeasts and pseudohyphae, often associated with inflammatory cells.
The presence of pseudohyphae suggests candida as a pathogen.Blastophores and pseudohyphae can be demonstrated by H & E stain.
2) Culture of the selective material on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar:
Candida albicans forms white,creamy colonies on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar in 2-3 days. The species is identified by rounded, refractile, double walled chlamydospores,produced by subcultures on corn-meal agar for 24-96 hours at room temperature and by germ tube formation.
TREATMENT FOR CANDIDIASIS:
Treatment can be classified into two ways:
Topical and Systemic:
Topical:
1) Imidazoles:
Miconazole 2% gel/lotion/cream/powder twice daily
Clotrimazole 1% cream/gel/lotion/powder
100 mg vaginal tablet once daily for 6 days
Or 500mg single dose vaginal tablet.
Econazole 1% ointment, 150 mg vaginal tablet twice daily
Newer molecules like eberconazole,sertaconazole are also available.
2) Ethanolamine derivative:
Ciclopirox olamine 1% cream twice daily
3) Polyne antibiotics:
Nystatin 1 Lac units vaginal tablets BID for 2 weeks
Natamycin 2% cream or 25 mg vaginal tablets for 1 week.
Systemic:
1) Polyne antibiotics:
Amphoterecin B 0.3-.7mg/kg per day IV over 4-8 hrs in
systemic disease
Nystatin 5 lacs units thrice daily in Intestinal
Candidiasis.
2) Azoles:
Ketoconazole 200 mg orally OD or BID for 2 weeks in
Mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Fluconazole 150 mg single dose orally for vaginitis &
Balanitis.
150 mg once weekly for three weeks for
recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
Itraconazole 200mg/day for 3 days for vaginitis and
Balanitis.
200 mg on first day of menstrual cycle for
three months for recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST CANDIDIASIS:
Avoid:
• Prolonged warking in water.
• Tight fitting clothes,synthetic or woolen undergarments and socks.
• Closed and tight footwears.
Advised:
• Maintain good personal hygiene
• Use gloves and cotton liners while working in water.
• Use loose clothing and absorbent cotton undergarments and socks.
• Use open footwear.
• Thoroughly dry the intertriginous areas and apply simple talcum or an antifungal powder.
• Simultaneously treat the sexual partner, even if asymptomatic, in case of balanitis and vaginitis.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(Skin & V .D)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
“C POINT”—A UNIT OF MCSPL
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-360005
www.cpoint.in
www.mcspl.in
www.drlalseta.blogspot.com
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
09825199585
Candidiasis is an acute or chronic,superficial or disseminated mycotic infection caused by the fungus candida albicans and occasionally by other species of candida.It commonly involves skin & the mucous membranes and sometimes the viscera.
FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO CANDIDIASIS
1) Local factors:
Tissue damage, moisture, warmth, maceration, Topical corticosteroids, prolonged catheterization, etc.
2) Physiological states:
Infancy, pregnancy, old age
3) Metabolic & endocrinal factors:
Iron deficiency, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Cushing’s syndrome
4) Immuno compromised status:
• Primary or secondary to malignancy, AIDS, prolonged administration of antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, oral contraceptive pills, cytotoxic drugs,etc
• Development of candidiasis in an HIV infected patient indicates deterioration of his immune status.
CLASSIFICATION OF CANDIDIASIS
Based on the anatomical site involved,candidiasis is classified into the following clinical syndromes:
CANDIDIASIS
MUCOSAL CUTANEOUS SYSTEMIC
Acute pseudomembranous Paronychia Gastrointestinal
Chronic hyperplastic Intertrigo Bronchopulmonary
Angular chelitis Diaper candidiasis Renal
Denture stomatitis Nodular Joints
Vaginitis & Balinitis Candidiasis Heart,Meningeal
CLINICAL SYNDROMES:
The clinical features of candidiasis vary depending upon whether the infection involves skin or mucous membrane. On keratinized surface of skin, the infection causes well marginated, erythematous, scaling pustules, whereas on the mucous membrane, the infection produces white, cheesy deposits surrounded by erythema.
Candidial Paronychia:
Candidial paronychia is a chronic inflammation of one or more nail folds.It is characterized by redness and swelling of the affected nail fold.The initial event is injury to the cuticle followed by detachment of the nail fold from the dorsal surface of the nail plate.This leads to the formation of pocket which then collects within it food debris etc. and facilitates growth of bacteria as well as fungi.The affected nail folds are sometimes painful and tender.Often,there is concomitant bacterial infection and beads of pus are exuded on pressing the affected nail fold. Subsequently, the nail becomes dystrophic, often ridged and develops green or brown colour.
This condition is usually found in housewives,washerwomen,people practicing manicure & pedicure,in those whose hands are constantly immersed in water for prolonged periods.
Nodular Candidiasis of Napkin Area:
This condition is a atypical reaction to the candida infection, manifesting as bluish-brown nodules or cutaneous horn like lesions.It involves the napkin area over the buttocks,genitalia,upper thighs and pubis.
Topical application of steroids is an important aetiological factor.
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis:
It is a distinct syndrome characterized by persistent,superficial candidial infection of the skin,nails and mucous membrane of the mouth and genitals, refractory to conventional topical therapy. It is not a single disease entity but is a manifestation of various underlying primary defects in cell mediated immune responses.
Systemic Candidiasis:
Under conditions leading to immunocompromisation, candida may cause systemic disease and involve the lungs,oesophagus,intestines or urinary tract. Candidemia may occur following prolonged use of indwelling catheters for intravenous infusions or in intravenous drug abusers,Rarely,hematogenous spread of candida may lead to meningitis, bone and joint lesions.
The underlying disease and iatrogenic factors predisposing to infection must always be sought and treated in all forms of systemic candidiasis.
Candidial Intertrigo:
Candidial intertrigo is characterized by erythema,moist exudation with an irregular ,fringed margin and subcorneal pustules in the affected area.Satellite pustules may develop and rupture leaving erosions and peeling skin.In case of interdigital space involvement,there is marked maceration.
It involves intertriginous areas of skin like interdigital spaces, genitocrural, perianal. Inframammary and axillary folds. It most commonly occurs in obese and diabetic individuals.
Candidial intertrigo should be differentiated from tinea,seborrhoeic dermatitis,bacterial intertrigo and flexural psoriasis.
Oral Thrush:
Oral thrush usually involves buccal mucosa,tongue,gums or palate and in severe cases in pharynx too pseudomembrane is formed by fungal mycelia,desquamated epithelial cells,fibrin,leucocytes and food debris attaching to inflamed epithelium.It is loosely attached to the inflamed mucosa and when removed,leaves behind erosions and bleeding.The lesions are often painful and interfere with eating.
The condition commonly occurs in premature babies,neonates and in old people with poor resistance. In neonates it can be acquired from the birthcanal of the mother.
Angular Cheilitis:(Perleche)
Basically,perleche is a form of intertrigo which may be caused by different factors, of which candida is the commonest.Riboflavin deficiency,presence of moisture due to persistent salivation or licking of the lips,depth of the fold and malocclusion of teeth are some other factors which predispose to infection.
Denture stomatitis:
This condition is characterized by bright red or dusky erythema of the affected mucous membrane, sharply defined at the margin of the denture.The epithelium is often shiny,atrophic,oedematous and eroded.
Balanoposthitis:
Candidial balanoposthitis involves skin of the glans penis and prepuce,causing inflammation of fissuring.In mild cases, tiny papules develop on the glans a few hours after sexual intercourse, grow into vesicles,pustules and rupture leaving a scaly edge. The patient complains of soreness and pain while passing urine.
The status where both sexual partners have symptomatic genital candidiasis is known as ‘Conjugal Candidiasis’.
In either of the above case,the sexual partner of the patient should be simultaneously treated , even if asymptomatic. In persistent or recurrent cases, the patient and sexual partner should be investigated for Diabetes mellitus.
Vulvovaginitis:
Candidial vulvovaginitis is characterized by beefy red erythema of the affected vulvar skin and vaginal mucosa accompanied by creamy white, thick curdy flecks of vaginal discharge. In some cases,it may extend to cause intertrigo of groins and natal cleft.In severe cases,subcorneal pustules may be seen peripherally.Patient usually complains of soreness,pruritus and dyspareunia.
It most often occurs in diabetics because of high concentration of sugar in urine, in women during pre-menstrual period, during pregnancy, in women taking oral contraceptive pills and in patients with AIDS.
It should be differentiated from Trichomonas infection,bacterial vulvovaginitis, physiological leucorrhoea during pregnancy and dermatoses affecting the vulva.
INVESTIGATIONS FOR CANDIDIASIS:
1) Direct examination under the microscope:
Lesions are scraped with blunt end of a scalpel and the material is mounted in 2-3 drops of 10% KOH solution.When viewed directly under a microscope, it reveals gram positive yeasts and pseudohyphae, often associated with inflammatory cells.
The presence of pseudohyphae suggests candida as a pathogen.Blastophores and pseudohyphae can be demonstrated by H & E stain.
2) Culture of the selective material on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar:
Candida albicans forms white,creamy colonies on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar in 2-3 days. The species is identified by rounded, refractile, double walled chlamydospores,produced by subcultures on corn-meal agar for 24-96 hours at room temperature and by germ tube formation.
TREATMENT FOR CANDIDIASIS:
Treatment can be classified into two ways:
Topical and Systemic:
Topical:
1) Imidazoles:
Miconazole 2% gel/lotion/cream/powder twice daily
Clotrimazole 1% cream/gel/lotion/powder
100 mg vaginal tablet once daily for 6 days
Or 500mg single dose vaginal tablet.
Econazole 1% ointment, 150 mg vaginal tablet twice daily
Newer molecules like eberconazole,sertaconazole are also available.
2) Ethanolamine derivative:
Ciclopirox olamine 1% cream twice daily
3) Polyne antibiotics:
Nystatin 1 Lac units vaginal tablets BID for 2 weeks
Natamycin 2% cream or 25 mg vaginal tablets for 1 week.
Systemic:
1) Polyne antibiotics:
Amphoterecin B 0.3-.7mg/kg per day IV over 4-8 hrs in
systemic disease
Nystatin 5 lacs units thrice daily in Intestinal
Candidiasis.
2) Azoles:
Ketoconazole 200 mg orally OD or BID for 2 weeks in
Mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Fluconazole 150 mg single dose orally for vaginitis &
Balanitis.
150 mg once weekly for three weeks for
recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
Itraconazole 200mg/day for 3 days for vaginitis and
Balanitis.
200 mg on first day of menstrual cycle for
three months for recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST CANDIDIASIS:
Avoid:
• Prolonged warking in water.
• Tight fitting clothes,synthetic or woolen undergarments and socks.
• Closed and tight footwears.
Advised:
• Maintain good personal hygiene
• Use gloves and cotton liners while working in water.
• Use loose clothing and absorbent cotton undergarments and socks.
• Use open footwear.
• Thoroughly dry the intertriginous areas and apply simple talcum or an antifungal powder.
• Simultaneously treat the sexual partner, even if asymptomatic, in case of balanitis and vaginitis.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(Skin & V .D)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
“C POINT”—A UNIT OF MCSPL
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-360005
www.cpoint.in
www.mcspl.in
www.drlalseta.blogspot.com
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
09825199585
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Friday, May 1, 2009
BALANCE SHEET OF LIFE
Our Birth is our Opening Balance !
Our Death is our Closing Balance!
Our Prejudiced Views are our Liabilities
Our Creative Ideas are our Assets
Heart is our Current Asset
Soul is our Fixed Asset
Brain is our Fixed Deposit
Thinking is our Current Account
Achievements are our Capital
Character & Morals, our Stock-in-Trade
Friends are our General Reserves
Values & Behaviour are our Goodwill
Patience is our Interest Earned
Love is our Dividend
Children are our Bonus Issues
Education is Brands / Patents
Knowledge is our Investment
Experience is our Premium Account
The Aim is to Tally the Balance Sheet Accurately.
The Goal is to get the Best Presented Accounts Award.
Some very Good and Very bad things...
The most destructive habit....... ......... ......Worry
The greatest Joy......... ......... ......... ....Giving
The greatest loss........ ........Loss of self-respect
The most satisfying work........ .......Helping others
The ugliest personality trait........ ......Selfishnes s
The most endangered species..... ....Dedicated leaders
Our greatest natural resource.... ......... ..Our youth
The greatest "shot in the arm"........ ..Encouragement
The greatest problem to overcome.... ......... ....Fear
The most effective sleeping pill........ Peace of mind
The most crippling failure disease..... .......Excuses
The most powerful force in life......... ......... .Love
The most dangerous pariah...... ......... ...A gossiper
The world's most incredible computer.... ....The brain
The worst thing to be without..... ......... ..... Hope
The deadliest weapon...... ......... ........The tongue
The two most power-filled words....... ........" I Can"
The greatest asset........ ......... ......... .....Faith
The most worthless emotion..... ......... ....Self- pity
The most beautiful attire...... ......... .......SMILE!
The most prized possession.. ......... .....Integrity
The most powerful channel of communication. ....Prayer
The most contagious spirit...... ......... ..Enthusiasm
The most important thing in life........ ......... .GOD
DR CHETAN LALSETA
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL
INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK
RAJKOT
GUJARAT,INDIA
09825199585
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
www.cpoint.in,
www.mcspl.in
www.drlalseta.blogspot.com
Our Death is our Closing Balance!
Our Prejudiced Views are our Liabilities
Our Creative Ideas are our Assets
Heart is our Current Asset
Soul is our Fixed Asset
Brain is our Fixed Deposit
Thinking is our Current Account
Achievements are our Capital
Character & Morals, our Stock-in-Trade
Friends are our General Reserves
Values & Behaviour are our Goodwill
Patience is our Interest Earned
Love is our Dividend
Children are our Bonus Issues
Education is Brands / Patents
Knowledge is our Investment
Experience is our Premium Account
The Aim is to Tally the Balance Sheet Accurately.
The Goal is to get the Best Presented Accounts Award.
Some very Good and Very bad things...
The most destructive habit....... ......... ......Worry
The greatest Joy......... ......... ......... ....Giving
The greatest loss........ ........Loss of self-respect
The most satisfying work........ .......Helping others
The ugliest personality trait........ ......Selfishnes s
The most endangered species..... ....Dedicated leaders
Our greatest natural resource.... ......... ..Our youth
The greatest "shot in the arm"........ ..Encouragement
The greatest problem to overcome.... ......... ....Fear
The most effective sleeping pill........ Peace of mind
The most crippling failure disease..... .......Excuses
The most powerful force in life......... ......... .Love
The most dangerous pariah...... ......... ...A gossiper
The world's most incredible computer.... ....The brain
The worst thing to be without..... ......... ..... Hope
The deadliest weapon...... ......... ........The tongue
The two most power-filled words....... ........" I Can"
The greatest asset........ ......... ......... .....Faith
The most worthless emotion..... ......... ....Self- pity
The most beautiful attire...... ......... .......SMILE!
The most prized possession.. ......... .....Integrity
The most powerful channel of communication. ....Prayer
The most contagious spirit...... ......... ..Enthusiasm
The most important thing in life........ ......... .GOD
DR CHETAN LALSETA
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL
INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK
RAJKOT
GUJARAT,INDIA
09825199585
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
www.cpoint.in,
www.mcspl.in
www.drlalseta.blogspot.com
Monday, April 20, 2009
HOW TO OVERCOME OBESITY
HOW TO OVERCOME OBESITY
FACTS ON OBESITY:
• Globally, there are more than 1 billion overweight adults, atleast 300 million of them are obese.
• Obesity and overweight is a major risk to Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease,hypertension and stroke and certain forms of cancer.
• The key factors are increased consumption of energy dense foods high in saturated fats and sugars and physical inactivity.
• As a rule,women have more body fat than men.Most healthcare professionals agree that men with more than 25% body fat and women with more than 30% body fat are obese.
OBESITY:
“Obesity” refers to an excessive amount of body fat.
“Overweight” refers to an excessive amount of body weight that includes muscle,bone,fat & water.
MEASUREMENT OF OBESITY:
Body Mass Index:
The BMI is a tool used to assess overweight and obesity and monitor changes in body weight.It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in pounds by height in inches squared.
WEIGHT CATEGORY BMI SCORE
Underweight Below 18.5
Healthy weight 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight 25 to 29.9
Obese 30 and above
CAUSES OF OBESITY:
The balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure determines a person’s weight.Some contributing factors for obesity are:
• Genetics: A person is more likely to develop obesity if one or both parents are obese.
• Overeating: Overeating leads to weight gain.especially if the diet is high in fat.
• Slow metabolism: Women have less muscle mass than men.Muscle burns more calories than other tissues.As a result, women have slower metabolism than men, and hence have a tendency to put on more weight than men,and weight loss is more difficult in women.
• Physical inactivity: The National Health & Examination Survey showed that physical inactivity is strongly correlated with weight gain in both sexes.
• Medications: Medications associated with weight gain includes Steroids,Antidepressants and anticonvulsants.
• Psychological factors: Emotions influences eating habits in some persons,specially during boredom,sadness,stress or anger.
• Lack of sleep may also contribute to obesity.
CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY:
Health risks:
• Gallbladder diseases & gall stones.
• Fatty liver diseases.
• Gastroesophageal reflux.
• Osteoarthritis and Gout.
• Pulmonary problems including sleep apnea.
• Reproductive problems in women including menstrual irregularities and infertility.
Psychological and Social Effects:
Emotional suffering may be one of the most painful parts of obesity.Feelings of rejection,shame or depression may occur.
MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY:
Doctors generally agree that people who have BMI of 30 or more can improve their health through weight loss.
Preventing additional weight gain is recommendedif one has BMI between 25 and 29.9.
Treatment of Obesity:
The method of treatment depends on level of obesity,overall health condition & readiness t lose weight.Treatment may include a combination of diet,exercise,behavior modification,weight loss drugs and Bariatric surgery.
Following steps are important to work towards a healthier weight.
1) Establish a reasonable target weight:
• Discuss the BMI score with ur expert doctor & let them assess the related risk factors for disease and health problems.
• Depending on person’s circumstances,a reasonable target goal may be a weight loss of 10% of body weight over six months.
• In some case, minimum goal may be to prevent further weight gain.
• It is best to lose weight gradually—keep in mind that small amount of weight loss can have positive health impact.
2) Best Health Diet Tips:
• Drink plenty of water or other calorie free beverages.
• Think about what you can add to diet, not what you should take away.
• Consider whether you are really hungry.
• Be choosy about nighttime snacks.
• Enjoy your favourite foods.
• Eat several mini-meals during the day.
• Eat protein at every meal.
• Order children’s portion at restaurants.
• Use non-food alternative to cope with stress.
• Have oily free food and also avoid junk foods like pizzas,burgers,etc.
• Avoid to have food while watching television.
3) Be as active as possible:
• Any kind of physical activity is beneficial.Not only can it assist with weight loss & maintenance,it also improves health in many ways.
• Work towards a long term goal of atleast 30 minutes of a moderate physical activity on most days of the week.
• It is best to start any new physical activity gradually,taking special care to prevent injury.
4) Choose Aerobic activities that are fun:
People are more likely to remain active if they like what they are doing.Choose activities accordingly:
• Brisk walking or jogging
• Bicycling
• Swimming
• Aerobic exercise classes
• Dancing
• Playing basketball or soccer
5) Be Good to yourself:
Try some of this ideas to help relieve stress and stay on track with your fitness and nutrition goals.
• Get plenty of sleep.
• Practise deep breathing and relaxing muscles one at a time.
• Take a breath and go for a walk.
• Take short stretch breaks throughout the day.
• Try taking yoga class to energize yourself and reduce stress.
• Try a new hobby,like a pottery class.
• Surround yourself with company of enjoyable people.
• Laughter is one of the most relaxing thing.
• Think of activities that will give your spirit a little lift.
6) Weigh every week & keep records:
• People who weigh once a week tends to be more successful at maintaining a weight loss.
• Keeping records is helpful in assessing overall progress in weight.
• Keeping a record of food consumed each day can help maintain the focus on diet plan and provide additional information related to progress.
• Keeping an activity chart can help in keeping track of whether physical activity goals are being met.
• Keep realistic fitness goals.
7) Role of medication in the treatment of Obesity:
Medication treatment of obesity should be used only in patients who have health risks related to obesity—such as Diabetes,Hypertension,etc.
Like diet and exercise, the goal of medication treatment should be realistic.With successful medication treatment, one can expect an initial weight loss of at least 5 pounds during 1-3 months of treatment and a total weight loss of 10-15% of the initial body weight.
8) Surgery for Obesity:
For those severely obese patients and associated all risk factors of obesity, Bariatric surgery offers good option not only to reduce weight but also relief in risk factors.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(Skin & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
“C POINT”—A UNIT OF MCSPL COMPANY
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
9825199585
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
www.cpoint.com
www.drlalsetablogspot.com
FACTS ON OBESITY:
• Globally, there are more than 1 billion overweight adults, atleast 300 million of them are obese.
• Obesity and overweight is a major risk to Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease,hypertension and stroke and certain forms of cancer.
• The key factors are increased consumption of energy dense foods high in saturated fats and sugars and physical inactivity.
• As a rule,women have more body fat than men.Most healthcare professionals agree that men with more than 25% body fat and women with more than 30% body fat are obese.
OBESITY:
“Obesity” refers to an excessive amount of body fat.
“Overweight” refers to an excessive amount of body weight that includes muscle,bone,fat & water.
MEASUREMENT OF OBESITY:
Body Mass Index:
The BMI is a tool used to assess overweight and obesity and monitor changes in body weight.It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in pounds by height in inches squared.
WEIGHT CATEGORY BMI SCORE
Underweight Below 18.5
Healthy weight 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight 25 to 29.9
Obese 30 and above
CAUSES OF OBESITY:
The balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure determines a person’s weight.Some contributing factors for obesity are:
• Genetics: A person is more likely to develop obesity if one or both parents are obese.
• Overeating: Overeating leads to weight gain.especially if the diet is high in fat.
• Slow metabolism: Women have less muscle mass than men.Muscle burns more calories than other tissues.As a result, women have slower metabolism than men, and hence have a tendency to put on more weight than men,and weight loss is more difficult in women.
• Physical inactivity: The National Health & Examination Survey showed that physical inactivity is strongly correlated with weight gain in both sexes.
• Medications: Medications associated with weight gain includes Steroids,Antidepressants and anticonvulsants.
• Psychological factors: Emotions influences eating habits in some persons,specially during boredom,sadness,stress or anger.
• Lack of sleep may also contribute to obesity.
CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY:
Health risks:
• Gallbladder diseases & gall stones.
• Fatty liver diseases.
• Gastroesophageal reflux.
• Osteoarthritis and Gout.
• Pulmonary problems including sleep apnea.
• Reproductive problems in women including menstrual irregularities and infertility.
Psychological and Social Effects:
Emotional suffering may be one of the most painful parts of obesity.Feelings of rejection,shame or depression may occur.
MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY:
Doctors generally agree that people who have BMI of 30 or more can improve their health through weight loss.
Preventing additional weight gain is recommendedif one has BMI between 25 and 29.9.
Treatment of Obesity:
The method of treatment depends on level of obesity,overall health condition & readiness t lose weight.Treatment may include a combination of diet,exercise,behavior modification,weight loss drugs and Bariatric surgery.
Following steps are important to work towards a healthier weight.
1) Establish a reasonable target weight:
• Discuss the BMI score with ur expert doctor & let them assess the related risk factors for disease and health problems.
• Depending on person’s circumstances,a reasonable target goal may be a weight loss of 10% of body weight over six months.
• In some case, minimum goal may be to prevent further weight gain.
• It is best to lose weight gradually—keep in mind that small amount of weight loss can have positive health impact.
2) Best Health Diet Tips:
• Drink plenty of water or other calorie free beverages.
• Think about what you can add to diet, not what you should take away.
• Consider whether you are really hungry.
• Be choosy about nighttime snacks.
• Enjoy your favourite foods.
• Eat several mini-meals during the day.
• Eat protein at every meal.
• Order children’s portion at restaurants.
• Use non-food alternative to cope with stress.
• Have oily free food and also avoid junk foods like pizzas,burgers,etc.
• Avoid to have food while watching television.
3) Be as active as possible:
• Any kind of physical activity is beneficial.Not only can it assist with weight loss & maintenance,it also improves health in many ways.
• Work towards a long term goal of atleast 30 minutes of a moderate physical activity on most days of the week.
• It is best to start any new physical activity gradually,taking special care to prevent injury.
4) Choose Aerobic activities that are fun:
People are more likely to remain active if they like what they are doing.Choose activities accordingly:
• Brisk walking or jogging
• Bicycling
• Swimming
• Aerobic exercise classes
• Dancing
• Playing basketball or soccer
5) Be Good to yourself:
Try some of this ideas to help relieve stress and stay on track with your fitness and nutrition goals.
• Get plenty of sleep.
• Practise deep breathing and relaxing muscles one at a time.
• Take a breath and go for a walk.
• Take short stretch breaks throughout the day.
• Try taking yoga class to energize yourself and reduce stress.
• Try a new hobby,like a pottery class.
• Surround yourself with company of enjoyable people.
• Laughter is one of the most relaxing thing.
• Think of activities that will give your spirit a little lift.
6) Weigh every week & keep records:
• People who weigh once a week tends to be more successful at maintaining a weight loss.
• Keeping records is helpful in assessing overall progress in weight.
• Keeping a record of food consumed each day can help maintain the focus on diet plan and provide additional information related to progress.
• Keeping an activity chart can help in keeping track of whether physical activity goals are being met.
• Keep realistic fitness goals.
7) Role of medication in the treatment of Obesity:
Medication treatment of obesity should be used only in patients who have health risks related to obesity—such as Diabetes,Hypertension,etc.
Like diet and exercise, the goal of medication treatment should be realistic.With successful medication treatment, one can expect an initial weight loss of at least 5 pounds during 1-3 months of treatment and a total weight loss of 10-15% of the initial body weight.
8) Surgery for Obesity:
For those severely obese patients and associated all risk factors of obesity, Bariatric surgery offers good option not only to reduce weight but also relief in risk factors.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETAM.D.(Skin & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
“C POINT”—A UNIT OF MCSPL COMPANY
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
9825199585
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
www.cpoint.com
www.drlalsetablogspot.com
| Sponsored by the business degree web page. |
Thursday, April 16, 2009
SKIN CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY
COMMON DERMATOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is a physiological event and skin being a dynamic organ, variety of skin changes can be seen during pregnancy.Some of the commonest one,usually harmless, are mentioned here and how one can help to overcome them.
SKIN CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY INCLUDES:
1) Stretch marks(Striae)
2) Skin tags
3) Changes in hair growth
4) Acne vulgaris
5) Pregnancy glow
6) Generalised hyperpigmentation
7) Accentuation of moles & freckles
1) What are stretch marks(striae)?
Stretch marks are linear lesions that most often develop over the breasts,hips,abdomen & thighs. They begin as reddish purple lines and with time,they become white atrophic(cigarette paper like wrinkled) scars.Stretch marks are common in pregnancy and it occurs in 50 to 90% of pregnant women.
Do stretch marks cause any symptoms?
Most of the times they are aymptomatic but rarely may cause burning and itching.
What causes stretch marks in pregnancy and who gets them?
The exact mechanism of development of stretch marks is still not fully understood.It is commonly thought to be caused by rapid weight gain and subsequent overstretching of the skin;though not proven.
Stretch marks are often seen in more than one family member.A personal history(e.g.appearance of striae during teens),race(more common in Africans compared to Caucasians)and other genetic factors play part in the development of stretch marks.They are more frequently seen in young women who are overweight and have large babies.
When do stretch marks appear during pregnancy?
Usually stretch marks begin to appear around 25th week of pregnancy,although some women may develop even earlier.
Is there any health risk if stretch marks are present?
No there are no risks associated with stretch marks. However they may look cosmetically unpleasant and may cause emotional distress.
What happens to stretch marks after delivery?
Most of the stretch marks fade of its own after delivery.
Can stretch marks be treated or prevented?
There are no good and satisfactory proven treatments to treat or prevent stretch marks.Many therapies are done empirically and may offer some benefit in few cases.
Olive oil massage,castor oil,cocoa butter soothing,glycolic or fruit acids,homeopathic creams and/or oils are used with little effects.Many expensive and painful treatments are often tried without any outcome and hence is not recommended.
Daily massage of the skin with simple moisturizer may be tried
Post pregnancy retinoids can be used as they help to fade stretch marks-however they are absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy because of their potential harmful effect on foetus. LASER treatment (585 nm flashlamy-pulsed dye laser) may be effective in some cases.
2) SKIN TAGS(ACROCORDON):
Skin tags are very small 1-5 mm,loose,polyp like,skin coloured growths of skin that usually appear in underarms,neck or breasts.The increased incidence of skin tags during pregnancy is hormonally induced at areas exposed to mechanical irritation.They may disappear after delivery.However if they persists, can easily be removed by electrocautery,radiofrequency or CO2 LASER.
3) CHANGES IN HAIR GROWTH:
During pregnancy more hair goes into the resting phase,a particular part of the normal hair cycle.This causes diminished shedding of the hair and is perceived as hair thickening by patient.Three months after delivery the hair cycle normalizes causing temporarily more hair loss in many women.This is known as Telogen Effluvium.This process is usually completed in 6-12 months after delivery.Thereafter the hair will usually be the same as before pregnancy.
Pregnant women may sometimes experience male pattern hair growth like in beard region.This phenomenon is also related to hormonal change.It tends to disappear in few months after delivery.
4) ACNE VULGARIS:
The increased levels of female hormones during pregnancy usually improves acne. But there may be worsening of acne in some patients.
5) PREGNANCY GLOW:
During pregnancy the blood circulation of the skin is significantly increased which causes face to be brighter.The increased production of hormones may stimulate glands that produce sebum resulting in shiny face.”Pregnancy glow” is an old fashioned phrase to describe this phenomenon.
If patient feels skin too oily,an oil free cleanser or a mild alcoholic (50-70%) solution containing salicylic acid(1-3%) for cleansing the face can be used.Cold and warm water may also be used.
6) GENERALISED HYPERPIGMENTATION:
Increased skin pigmentation is common during pregnancy particularly in dark skinned women in whom up to 90% may be affected.There is darkening of nipples,genitalia and linea alba will develop.In some women recent scars will darken.The unsightly and sometimes distressing facial pigmentation called melasma or chloasma also known as ‘Mask of pregnancy’affects many women.It gets worse with sunlight and can be reduced by the use of High Sun Protective Factor UVB & UVA sunscreens.It usually disappears after pregnancy by itself,if not it may be treated by Dermatologists.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(Skin & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
“C POINT”—A UNIT OF MCSPL COMPANY
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
9825199585
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
www.cpoint.com
www.drlalseta.blogspot.com
Pregnancy is a physiological event and skin being a dynamic organ, variety of skin changes can be seen during pregnancy.Some of the commonest one,usually harmless, are mentioned here and how one can help to overcome them.
SKIN CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY INCLUDES:
1) Stretch marks(Striae)
2) Skin tags
3) Changes in hair growth
4) Acne vulgaris
5) Pregnancy glow
6) Generalised hyperpigmentation
7) Accentuation of moles & freckles
1) What are stretch marks(striae)?
Stretch marks are linear lesions that most often develop over the breasts,hips,abdomen & thighs. They begin as reddish purple lines and with time,they become white atrophic(cigarette paper like wrinkled) scars.Stretch marks are common in pregnancy and it occurs in 50 to 90% of pregnant women.
Do stretch marks cause any symptoms?
Most of the times they are aymptomatic but rarely may cause burning and itching.
What causes stretch marks in pregnancy and who gets them?
The exact mechanism of development of stretch marks is still not fully understood.It is commonly thought to be caused by rapid weight gain and subsequent overstretching of the skin;though not proven.
Stretch marks are often seen in more than one family member.A personal history(e.g.appearance of striae during teens),race(more common in Africans compared to Caucasians)and other genetic factors play part in the development of stretch marks.They are more frequently seen in young women who are overweight and have large babies.
When do stretch marks appear during pregnancy?
Usually stretch marks begin to appear around 25th week of pregnancy,although some women may develop even earlier.
Is there any health risk if stretch marks are present?
No there are no risks associated with stretch marks. However they may look cosmetically unpleasant and may cause emotional distress.
What happens to stretch marks after delivery?
Most of the stretch marks fade of its own after delivery.
Can stretch marks be treated or prevented?
There are no good and satisfactory proven treatments to treat or prevent stretch marks.Many therapies are done empirically and may offer some benefit in few cases.
Olive oil massage,castor oil,cocoa butter soothing,glycolic or fruit acids,homeopathic creams and/or oils are used with little effects.Many expensive and painful treatments are often tried without any outcome and hence is not recommended.
Daily massage of the skin with simple moisturizer may be tried
Post pregnancy retinoids can be used as they help to fade stretch marks-however they are absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy because of their potential harmful effect on foetus. LASER treatment (585 nm flashlamy-pulsed dye laser) may be effective in some cases.
2) SKIN TAGS(ACROCORDON):
Skin tags are very small 1-5 mm,loose,polyp like,skin coloured growths of skin that usually appear in underarms,neck or breasts.The increased incidence of skin tags during pregnancy is hormonally induced at areas exposed to mechanical irritation.They may disappear after delivery.However if they persists, can easily be removed by electrocautery,radiofrequency or CO2 LASER.
3) CHANGES IN HAIR GROWTH:
During pregnancy more hair goes into the resting phase,a particular part of the normal hair cycle.This causes diminished shedding of the hair and is perceived as hair thickening by patient.Three months after delivery the hair cycle normalizes causing temporarily more hair loss in many women.This is known as Telogen Effluvium.This process is usually completed in 6-12 months after delivery.Thereafter the hair will usually be the same as before pregnancy.
Pregnant women may sometimes experience male pattern hair growth like in beard region.This phenomenon is also related to hormonal change.It tends to disappear in few months after delivery.
4) ACNE VULGARIS:
The increased levels of female hormones during pregnancy usually improves acne. But there may be worsening of acne in some patients.
5) PREGNANCY GLOW:
During pregnancy the blood circulation of the skin is significantly increased which causes face to be brighter.The increased production of hormones may stimulate glands that produce sebum resulting in shiny face.”Pregnancy glow” is an old fashioned phrase to describe this phenomenon.
If patient feels skin too oily,an oil free cleanser or a mild alcoholic (50-70%) solution containing salicylic acid(1-3%) for cleansing the face can be used.Cold and warm water may also be used.
6) GENERALISED HYPERPIGMENTATION:
Increased skin pigmentation is common during pregnancy particularly in dark skinned women in whom up to 90% may be affected.There is darkening of nipples,genitalia and linea alba will develop.In some women recent scars will darken.The unsightly and sometimes distressing facial pigmentation called melasma or chloasma also known as ‘Mask of pregnancy’affects many women.It gets worse with sunlight and can be reduced by the use of High Sun Protective Factor UVB & UVA sunscreens.It usually disappears after pregnancy by itself,if not it may be treated by Dermatologists.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(Skin & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
“C POINT”—A UNIT OF MCSPL COMPANY
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
9825199585
chetanlalseta@gmail.com
www.cpoint.com
www.drlalseta.blogspot.com
Thursday, April 2, 2009
Mirror skin polishing & brightening treatment
Introduction
Our skin tends to get affected by external & internal factors like stress, hectic lifestyles & increasing levels of environmental pollution. As a result skin is dull, dry, dehydrated with reduced elasticity. There are many procedures available today that help to rejuvenate skin. MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening or ‘Microdermabrasion’ as it is commonly known is one of the most effective yet safe technologies available. This regime is a breakthrough in skin treatment. If your skin needs to regain its natural radiance and skin clarity, this is the perfect treatment for it.
MICRODERMABRASION.
It is a skin procedure done at MIRROR to enhance the quality of the skin. It is a machine- based manually controlled abrasion of the superficial layer of skin. In this method, a controlled flow of Aluminium oxide crystals is used to gently exfoliate the uppermost superficial dead layers of the skin It is a very effective skin polishing treatment using fine crystals that are directed on the skin through a vacuum tube and thus allowing a radiant translucent skin to emerge. This treatment removes dead surface skin cells to improve texture, softness, and brightness. It also stimulates cell and collagen production and reduces the appearance of large pores. Various defects in the surface of the skin can thus be addressed to reveal fresher, clearer skin in an effective and painless manner. Special Diamond tip microdermabrasion is helpful in superficial to mediun depth scarring.This treatment or procedure can be done with other facial treatments to optimize results.
FAQ’S ABOUT MIRROR SKIN POLISHING & BRIGHTENING TREATMENT
Why does one need Skin Polishing & Brightening? At what age can one start this service?
MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening is recommended for every one since at some point in time we are subjected to stress & increasing levels of environmental pollution. These factors cause our skin to get dull and pigmented. Due to over exposure to the sun, our skin gets damaged and one shows early signs of ageing. Such skin concerns need to get addressed and this is done with visible results through our service called MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening.Practically in post pubertal age group,in both males & females, this treatment can be done safely & effectively.
How is Skin Polishing & Brightening different from facials?
The MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening procedure has some advantages over facials
It is useful in a wide range of skin problems like acne prone skin,fine wrinkles,photodamaged skin and superficial and medium depth acne scarring safely and effectively.
Removal of dead cells is uniform and is done very effectively and the service remains to be non-invasive.
It can be used synergistically with chemical peels when better results are expected.
What is the procedure involved in MIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening?
Crystal Sensitivity Check: on your forearm
Cleansing the face is then cleansed with the MIRROR Cleansing gel
Skin Polishing & Brightening: The dead, superficial skin cells on the uppermost layer of the skin are removed through a controlled flow of crystals.
Application of MIRROR products: After the procedure, a combination of products, which brighten the skin and improve skin tone are applied to your face. These products also have moisturizing & sun protection properties.
MIRROR Skin Polishing & brightening addresses skin concerns such as dull skin,superficial & medium depth acne scars, fine lines and wrinkles & Sun damaged skin. This service can also be undertaken as part of your regular skin care and enhancement regime.
Is the treatment for MIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening Safe?
Yes,MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening is an extremely safe procedure and is recommended for all skin types. At MIRROR as an added precaution a crystal sensitivity check is done to rule out a rare case of sensitivity.
Are there any side effects whilst doing a MIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening treatment?
MIRROR skin polishing & Brightening is absolutely safe,painless & non-invasive procedure and there are no side effects of it. However, very sensitive skin may become red due to the exfoliation action. However, this effect is transient. A cold compress is recommended in such a rare case.
What are the body parts for MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening?
Most commonly employed body parts are face,neck,forearm & back,however in indicated person it can be done practically at any body parts.
How long does each session take?
The duration of MIIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening usually lasts about 30 minutes per session.
Can I return to regular activities immediately after a session of MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening?
MIRROR Skin polishing and Brightening requires no post procedure care. You can resume normal activities immediately. However in some cases of sensitive skin, direct sun exposure to excessive sunlight should be avoided and a sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 15 should be used regularly.
How many sessions are required to see best results?
Our skin is a dynamic organ. Excessive exposure to years of dust, pollution and harmful UV rays occurs continuously. Everyone has different skin and skin tones, with different levels of skin concerns. However at least 4 sessions are required to see visible results.Depending on indications, number of sessions and duration between session may vary accordingly
Does this service have to be continued to maintain the results achieved?
To maintain the look achieved one monthly session is recommended.Can I undertake MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening just before a special occasion such as a party?Due to the exfoliation action, the immediate effect can be reddening of the skin, which subsides within hours. In extra sensitive skin, the effect lasts a day. Therefore Ideally you should get MIRROR skin lightening & brightening procedure 2 to 3 prior to occasion.
FOR QUERIES OR COMMENT,CONTACT;
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(SKIN & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
MIRROR LASER & COSMETIC CENTRE,
( A UNIT OF MCSPL COMPANY)
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,
INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
CONTACT NO: 98251 99585
Chetanlalseta@gmail.com
Our skin tends to get affected by external & internal factors like stress, hectic lifestyles & increasing levels of environmental pollution. As a result skin is dull, dry, dehydrated with reduced elasticity. There are many procedures available today that help to rejuvenate skin. MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening or ‘Microdermabrasion’ as it is commonly known is one of the most effective yet safe technologies available. This regime is a breakthrough in skin treatment. If your skin needs to regain its natural radiance and skin clarity, this is the perfect treatment for it.
MICRODERMABRASION.
It is a skin procedure done at MIRROR to enhance the quality of the skin. It is a machine- based manually controlled abrasion of the superficial layer of skin. In this method, a controlled flow of Aluminium oxide crystals is used to gently exfoliate the uppermost superficial dead layers of the skin It is a very effective skin polishing treatment using fine crystals that are directed on the skin through a vacuum tube and thus allowing a radiant translucent skin to emerge. This treatment removes dead surface skin cells to improve texture, softness, and brightness. It also stimulates cell and collagen production and reduces the appearance of large pores. Various defects in the surface of the skin can thus be addressed to reveal fresher, clearer skin in an effective and painless manner. Special Diamond tip microdermabrasion is helpful in superficial to mediun depth scarring.This treatment or procedure can be done with other facial treatments to optimize results.
FAQ’S ABOUT MIRROR SKIN POLISHING & BRIGHTENING TREATMENT
Why does one need Skin Polishing & Brightening? At what age can one start this service?
MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening is recommended for every one since at some point in time we are subjected to stress & increasing levels of environmental pollution. These factors cause our skin to get dull and pigmented. Due to over exposure to the sun, our skin gets damaged and one shows early signs of ageing. Such skin concerns need to get addressed and this is done with visible results through our service called MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening.Practically in post pubertal age group,in both males & females, this treatment can be done safely & effectively.
How is Skin Polishing & Brightening different from facials?
The MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening procedure has some advantages over facials
It is useful in a wide range of skin problems like acne prone skin,fine wrinkles,photodamaged skin and superficial and medium depth acne scarring safely and effectively.
Removal of dead cells is uniform and is done very effectively and the service remains to be non-invasive.
It can be used synergistically with chemical peels when better results are expected.
What is the procedure involved in MIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening?
Crystal Sensitivity Check: on your forearm
Cleansing the face is then cleansed with the MIRROR Cleansing gel
Skin Polishing & Brightening: The dead, superficial skin cells on the uppermost layer of the skin are removed through a controlled flow of crystals.
Application of MIRROR products: After the procedure, a combination of products, which brighten the skin and improve skin tone are applied to your face. These products also have moisturizing & sun protection properties.
MIRROR Skin Polishing & brightening addresses skin concerns such as dull skin,superficial & medium depth acne scars, fine lines and wrinkles & Sun damaged skin. This service can also be undertaken as part of your regular skin care and enhancement regime.
Is the treatment for MIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening Safe?
Yes,MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening is an extremely safe procedure and is recommended for all skin types. At MIRROR as an added precaution a crystal sensitivity check is done to rule out a rare case of sensitivity.
Are there any side effects whilst doing a MIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening treatment?
MIRROR skin polishing & Brightening is absolutely safe,painless & non-invasive procedure and there are no side effects of it. However, very sensitive skin may become red due to the exfoliation action. However, this effect is transient. A cold compress is recommended in such a rare case.
What are the body parts for MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening?
Most commonly employed body parts are face,neck,forearm & back,however in indicated person it can be done practically at any body parts.
How long does each session take?
The duration of MIIRROR Skin Polishing and Brightening usually lasts about 30 minutes per session.
Can I return to regular activities immediately after a session of MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening?
MIRROR Skin polishing and Brightening requires no post procedure care. You can resume normal activities immediately. However in some cases of sensitive skin, direct sun exposure to excessive sunlight should be avoided and a sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 15 should be used regularly.
How many sessions are required to see best results?
Our skin is a dynamic organ. Excessive exposure to years of dust, pollution and harmful UV rays occurs continuously. Everyone has different skin and skin tones, with different levels of skin concerns. However at least 4 sessions are required to see visible results.Depending on indications, number of sessions and duration between session may vary accordingly
Does this service have to be continued to maintain the results achieved?
To maintain the look achieved one monthly session is recommended.Can I undertake MIRROR Skin Polishing & Brightening just before a special occasion such as a party?Due to the exfoliation action, the immediate effect can be reddening of the skin, which subsides within hours. In extra sensitive skin, the effect lasts a day. Therefore Ideally you should get MIRROR skin lightening & brightening procedure 2 to 3 prior to occasion.
FOR QUERIES OR COMMENT,CONTACT;
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(SKIN & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
MIRROR LASER & COSMETIC CENTRE,
( A UNIT OF MCSPL COMPANY)
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,
INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
CONTACT NO: 98251 99585
Chetanlalseta@gmail.com
Friday, March 20, 2009
HAIR DISORDERS
HAIR DISORDERS
Hair disorders are amongst the common skin problems affecting all class of population at one or another time. Commonest of them are briefly mentioned here.
1) ALOPECIA AREATA:
Definition and clinical features
A non-scarring auto immune disorder affecting any hair-bearing area. Typically, there is a sudden onset of solitary or multiple circular or oval bald areas,usually affecting the scalp.The residual hair follicles are visible confirming a lack of scarring.Diagnostic exclamation mark hairs may be visible at the margins of the lesion. The affected scalp is usually normal in color but may be erythematous.Hairs at the edge of the patch may be easily removed on slight traction. Spontaneous regrowth frequently occurs but the areas may spread peripherally and may eventually involve the whole scalp( Alopecia Totalis) and sometimes even facial & body hairs( Alopecia Universalis).
Rarely, a diffuse alopecia may be seen without discrete bald patches.Nail changes may also occur as fine regular pitting or a roughened sand paper appearance(Trachyonychia).
Epidemiology
A common disorder affecting all races and either sex equally. It occurs at any age,with maximum incidence between 10-30 years.
Differential Diagnosis
Fungal infection of scalp—may be confirmed by Wood’s light and mycological examination.Trichotillomania—shows broken hairs of varying length.Telogen effluvium also causes diffuse non-scarring alopecia.
Investigations
An autoimmune basis is suggested.Organ specific antibodies may be demonstrated. A family history of alopecia areata occurs in 20-50% of patients. Scalp biopsy is supportive.
Management
Spontaneous regrowth may occur in localized disease.Topical,intralesional & systemic corticosteroids can produce temporary regrowth.Contact sensitization therapy using irritants or allergens & PUVA are also used. The more extensive the hair loss, the less likely the prospect of regrowth.Extensive involvement, atopy, other autoimmune diseases, nail involvement and onset in childhood are poor prognostic factors.
2) TELOGEN EFFLUVIUM:
Definition and clinical features
Sudden extensive hair loss occurring 4-8 weeks following the precipitating event. Several hundred hairs may be lost per day, producing an alopecia diffusely affecting the entire scalp.Pre-existing androgenetic alopecia may become more evident, the scalp appears normal and duration is variable(recovery is usually complete within 6 months).
Epidemiology
Occurs at any age but most frequently in young adults.Female:Male ratio is 2:1.
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse scalp alopecia can also occur with alopecia areata, hypothyroidism,iron deficiency,anaemia,and may be caused by drugs.
Investigations
Trichogram (plucked scalp hairs) will show an increase in the number of telogen hairs and reduction in anagen hairs.
Special points
Acute precipitating factors include childbirth,pyrexia, haemorrhage,changing or discontinuing hormonal therapy(including oral contraceptive pills),eating disorders,strict dieting and nutritional deficiencies.
3) ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA(MALE PATTERN BALDNESS):
Definition and clinical features
Miniaturisation of hair follicle through successive cycles affecting the fronto-vertex and crown of the scalp, producing a gradual conversion of terminal to villus hairs. The scalp hair loss begins with recession at the temples and the frontal hairline in men(Hamilton pattern) and thinning over the crown and vertex. This slowly progresses over years, in severe cases hair remains at the occiput and sides of the scalp alone.Vellus hair may remain on the vertex.In women(Ludwig pattern) the frontal hairline is frequently kept but a difuse thinning occurs over the top of the scalp.In women, associated hirsutism,acne vulgaris,obesity and irregular menses may suggest an underlying polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Epidemiology
Affects all races world wide, occurring physiologically from the late teens to the 50s.In women, occurs usually post menopausally.The condition requires genetic predisposition and normal amounts of circulating plasma androgens.
Differential Diagnosis
Telogen effluvium may produce diffuse alopecia but usually affects the back and sides of the scalp as well as the fronto-vertex.Hair styles producing traction may cause recession of the anterior hair margin.
Investigations
In women,hormone profile and ovarian ultrasound scan may confirm underlying polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Management
Treatment includes topical measures such as Minoxidil lotion, systemic antiandrogens in women or scalp reduction or hair transplantation surgery.
4) TRICHOTILLOMANIA:
Definition and clinical features
Self-induced alopecia produced by deliberate trauma to the hair. A diffuse area of thinned hair with a poorly defined margin.Scalp skin is normal.Affected hairs show breakage of varying lengths.The area may be solitary or multiple. A normal,long haired margin often remains.The scalp is usually affected but hair loss may also occur in the eyebrows, eyelashes or body hair.
Epidemiology
Trichotillomaia occurs more frequently in females than males(3:1) but may occur at any age.Most frequently it occurs between the ages of ages of 5 & 10 years developing as a habit tic.In older women it may be a sign of underlying psychiatric disorder.Anxiety & emotional stress are precipitating factors.
Differential Diagnosis
Alopecia areata produces more discrete,completely bald areas of patches.Tinea capitis can produce broken hairs,scaling and inflammation may be present.
Investigations
Hair microscopy will reveal broken hairs of varying lengths.
Management
Occlusion of the area often allows recovery.Children frequently outgrow the habit tic,whilst in adults psychiatric therapy may be required.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(SKIN & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
MIRROR LASER & COSMETIC CENTRE,
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,
INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
CONTACT NO: 98251 99585
Chetanlalseta@gmail.com
Hair disorders are amongst the common skin problems affecting all class of population at one or another time. Commonest of them are briefly mentioned here.
1) ALOPECIA AREATA:
Definition and clinical features
A non-scarring auto immune disorder affecting any hair-bearing area. Typically, there is a sudden onset of solitary or multiple circular or oval bald areas,usually affecting the scalp.The residual hair follicles are visible confirming a lack of scarring.Diagnostic exclamation mark hairs may be visible at the margins of the lesion. The affected scalp is usually normal in color but may be erythematous.Hairs at the edge of the patch may be easily removed on slight traction. Spontaneous regrowth frequently occurs but the areas may spread peripherally and may eventually involve the whole scalp( Alopecia Totalis) and sometimes even facial & body hairs( Alopecia Universalis).
Rarely, a diffuse alopecia may be seen without discrete bald patches.Nail changes may also occur as fine regular pitting or a roughened sand paper appearance(Trachyonychia).
Epidemiology
A common disorder affecting all races and either sex equally. It occurs at any age,with maximum incidence between 10-30 years.
Differential Diagnosis
Fungal infection of scalp—may be confirmed by Wood’s light and mycological examination.Trichotillomania—shows broken hairs of varying length.Telogen effluvium also causes diffuse non-scarring alopecia.
Investigations
An autoimmune basis is suggested.Organ specific antibodies may be demonstrated. A family history of alopecia areata occurs in 20-50% of patients. Scalp biopsy is supportive.
Management
Spontaneous regrowth may occur in localized disease.Topical,intralesional & systemic corticosteroids can produce temporary regrowth.Contact sensitization therapy using irritants or allergens & PUVA are also used. The more extensive the hair loss, the less likely the prospect of regrowth.Extensive involvement, atopy, other autoimmune diseases, nail involvement and onset in childhood are poor prognostic factors.
2) TELOGEN EFFLUVIUM:
Definition and clinical features
Sudden extensive hair loss occurring 4-8 weeks following the precipitating event. Several hundred hairs may be lost per day, producing an alopecia diffusely affecting the entire scalp.Pre-existing androgenetic alopecia may become more evident, the scalp appears normal and duration is variable(recovery is usually complete within 6 months).
Epidemiology
Occurs at any age but most frequently in young adults.Female:Male ratio is 2:1.
Differential Diagnosis
Diffuse scalp alopecia can also occur with alopecia areata, hypothyroidism,iron deficiency,anaemia,and may be caused by drugs.
Investigations
Trichogram (plucked scalp hairs) will show an increase in the number of telogen hairs and reduction in anagen hairs.
Special points
Acute precipitating factors include childbirth,pyrexia, haemorrhage,changing or discontinuing hormonal therapy(including oral contraceptive pills),eating disorders,strict dieting and nutritional deficiencies.
3) ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA(MALE PATTERN BALDNESS):
Definition and clinical features
Miniaturisation of hair follicle through successive cycles affecting the fronto-vertex and crown of the scalp, producing a gradual conversion of terminal to villus hairs. The scalp hair loss begins with recession at the temples and the frontal hairline in men(Hamilton pattern) and thinning over the crown and vertex. This slowly progresses over years, in severe cases hair remains at the occiput and sides of the scalp alone.Vellus hair may remain on the vertex.In women(Ludwig pattern) the frontal hairline is frequently kept but a difuse thinning occurs over the top of the scalp.In women, associated hirsutism,acne vulgaris,obesity and irregular menses may suggest an underlying polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Epidemiology
Affects all races world wide, occurring physiologically from the late teens to the 50s.In women, occurs usually post menopausally.The condition requires genetic predisposition and normal amounts of circulating plasma androgens.
Differential Diagnosis
Telogen effluvium may produce diffuse alopecia but usually affects the back and sides of the scalp as well as the fronto-vertex.Hair styles producing traction may cause recession of the anterior hair margin.
Investigations
In women,hormone profile and ovarian ultrasound scan may confirm underlying polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Management
Treatment includes topical measures such as Minoxidil lotion, systemic antiandrogens in women or scalp reduction or hair transplantation surgery.
4) TRICHOTILLOMANIA:
Definition and clinical features
Self-induced alopecia produced by deliberate trauma to the hair. A diffuse area of thinned hair with a poorly defined margin.Scalp skin is normal.Affected hairs show breakage of varying lengths.The area may be solitary or multiple. A normal,long haired margin often remains.The scalp is usually affected but hair loss may also occur in the eyebrows, eyelashes or body hair.
Epidemiology
Trichotillomaia occurs more frequently in females than males(3:1) but may occur at any age.Most frequently it occurs between the ages of ages of 5 & 10 years developing as a habit tic.In older women it may be a sign of underlying psychiatric disorder.Anxiety & emotional stress are precipitating factors.
Differential Diagnosis
Alopecia areata produces more discrete,completely bald areas of patches.Tinea capitis can produce broken hairs,scaling and inflammation may be present.
Investigations
Hair microscopy will reveal broken hairs of varying lengths.
Management
Occlusion of the area often allows recovery.Children frequently outgrow the habit tic,whilst in adults psychiatric therapy may be required.
BY:
DR CHETAN LALSETA
M.D.(SKIN & V.D.)
CONSULTANT DERMATOLOGIST & COSMETOLOGIST
MIRROR LASER & COSMETIC CENTRE,
SHRADDHA HOSPITAL,
INDIRA CIRCLE CHOWK,
RAJKOT-04
CONTACT NO: 98251 99585
Chetanlalseta@gmail.com
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